General: |
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Name: Zirconium
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Symbol: Zr
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Group: Trans. Met.
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Atomic weight: 91.22
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Density @ 293 K: 6.4 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 14.1 cm3/mol
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Group: Trans. Met.
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discovered: 1789
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 2125.2 K
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boiling point: 4473 K
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Heat of fusion: 16.90 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 58.20 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 660 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 1.33
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2nd ionization energy: 1266.8 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 41.1 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 2218.2 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.27 J/gK
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heat atomization: 609 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,18,10,2
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electron configuration: [Kr] 4d2 5s2
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minimum oxidation number: 0
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maximum oxidation number: 4
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 4
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd
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color: grayish-white
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uses: deodorants, fuel rod clad
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toxicity:
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hardness: mohs
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characteristics: hard, relatively inert
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: mild, w/ht =>Zr2O3
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 15M HNO3: passivated
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reaction with 6M NaOH: none
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 5
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hydride(s): ZrH2
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oxide(s): ZrO2
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chloride(s): ZrCl3 ZrCl4
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 160 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 22.7 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 25 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 17.9 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Zircon (silicate)
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rel. abund. solar system: 1.057 log
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abundance earth's crust: 2.24 log
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cost, pure: 16 $/100g
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cost, bulk: 16 $/100g
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