General: |
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Name: Yttrium
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Symbol: Y
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Group: Trans. Met.
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Atomic weight: 88.9059
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Density @ 293 K: 4.47 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 19.8 cm3/mol
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Group: Trans. Met.
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discovered: 1794
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 1796.2 K
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boiling point: 3537 K
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Heat of fusion: 11.40 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 363.0 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 615.6 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 1.22
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2nd ionization energy: 1181 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 29.6 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 1979.9 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.30 J/gK
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heat atomization: 423 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,18,9,2
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electron configuration: [Kr] 4d1 5s2
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minimum oxidation number: 0
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maximum oxidation number: 3
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 3
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd
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color: silvery
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uses: YAG laser, TV phosphor
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toxicity:
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hardness: mohs
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characteristics: forms protective oxide
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: vigorous, =>Y2O3
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reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, YCl3
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reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, YCl3
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reaction with 15M HNO3: vigorous, =>Y(NO3)3
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reaction with 6M NaOH:
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 1
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hydride(s): YH2 YH3
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oxide(s): Y2O3
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chloride(s): YCl3
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 180 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): 104 pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 17.2 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 16.9 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 22.7 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: xenotime (phosphate)
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rel. abund. solar system: 0.667 log
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abundance earth's crust: 1.51 log
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cost, pure: 220 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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