General: |
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Name: Vanadium
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Symbol: V
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Group: Trans. Met.
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Atomic weight: 50.9415
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Density @ 293 K: 5.8 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 8.78 cm3/mol
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Group: Trans. Met.
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discovered: 1830
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 2163.2 K
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boiling point: 3623 K
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Heat of fusion: 20.90 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 0.452 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 650.3 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 1.63
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2nd ionization energy: 1413.5 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 50.7 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 2828 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.49 J/gK
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heat atomization: 514 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,11,2
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electron configuration: [Ar] 3d3 4s2
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minimum oxidation number: -1
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maximum oxidation number: 5
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 5
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: bcc: body-centered cubic
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color: bright white
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uses: tool steel, V2O5 catalyst
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toxicity: yes
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hardness: mohs
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characteristics: soft
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: mild, w/ht =>V2O5, VN
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 15M HNO3: mild
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reaction with 6M NaOH: none
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 2
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hydride(s): VH VH2
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oxide(s): VO V2O3 VO2 V2O5
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chloride(s): VCl2 VCl3 VCl4
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 134 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): 93 pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): 78 pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 30.7 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 39.37 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 12.4 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: U, Pb vanadates (misc)
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rel. abund. solar system: 2.467 log
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abundance earth's crust: 2.1 log
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cost, pure: 220 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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