General: |
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Name: Tin
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Symbol: Sn
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Group: Metal, Carbon group
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Atomic weight: 118.69
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Density @ 293 K: 7.30 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 16.3 cm3/mol
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Group: Metal, Carbon group
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discovered: 0
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 505.168 K
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boiling point: 2896 K
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Heat of fusion: 7.029 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 295.80 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 708.6 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 1.88
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2nd ionization energy: 1411.8 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 120 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 2943 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.227 J/gK
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heat atomization: 302 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,18,18,4
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electron configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
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minimum oxidation number: -4
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maximum oxidation number: 4
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 4
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: distorted diamond
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color: silvery-white
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uses: solder, pewter, bronze
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toxicity:
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hardness: 1.65 mohs
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characteristics: resists corrosion;2 forms
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: mild, w/ht, =>SnO2
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>SnO2, NOx
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reaction with 6M NaOH: mild, =>H2, [Sn(OH)6] 2-
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 10
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hydride(s): SnH4 Sn2H6
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oxide(s): SnO SnO2
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chloride(s): SnCl2 SnCl4
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 140.5 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 66.8 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 90.909 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 7.7 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Cassiterite (oxide)
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rel. abund. solar system: 0.582 log
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abundance earth's crust: 0.3 log
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cost, pure: 8 $/100g
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cost, bulk: 0.83 $/100g
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