General: |
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Name: Scandium
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Symbol: Sc
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Group: Trans. Met.
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Atomic weight: 44.9559
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Density @ 293 K: 3.0 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 15.0 cm3/mol
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Group: Trans. Met.
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discovered: 1879
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 1812.2 K
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boiling point: 3021 K
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Heat of fusion: 14.10 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 314.20 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 631 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 1.36
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2nd ionization energy: 1235 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 18.1 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 2389 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.6 J/gK
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heat atomization: 378 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,9,2
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electron configuration: [Ar] 3d1 4s2
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minimum oxidation number: 0
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maximum oxidation number: 3
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 3
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd
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color: silvery-white
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uses: no significant uses
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toxicity:
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hardness: mohs
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characteristics: soft
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: vigorous, =>Sc2O3
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reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, ScCl3
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reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, ScCl3
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reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>Sc(NO3)3
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reaction with 6M NaOH:
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 1
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hydride(s): ScH2 ScH3
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oxide(s): Sc2O3
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chloride(s): ScCl3
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 162 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): 88.5 pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 15.8 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 19.2 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 17.8 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: U extractn by-product
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rel. abund. solar system: 1.534 log
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abundance earth's crust: 1.3 log
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cost, pure: 1400 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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