General: |
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Name: Lead
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Symbol: Pb
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Group: Metal, Carbon group
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Atomic weight: 207.2
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Density @ 293 K: 11.34 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 18.17 cm3/mol
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Group: Metal, Carbon group
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discovered: 0
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 600.702 K
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boiling point: 2024 K
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Heat of fusion: 4.799 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 177.70 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 715.6 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 2.1
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2nd ionization energy: 1450 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 35.1 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 3082 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.13 J/gK
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heat atomization: 196 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,4
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electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
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minimum oxidation number: -4
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maximum oxidation number: 4
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 4
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: fcc: face-centered cubic
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color: gray
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uses: batteries, solder, paints
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toxicity:
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hardness: 1.5 mohs
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characteristics: soft
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: mild, w/ht, =>PbO
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>NOx, Pb(NO3)2
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reaction with 6M NaOH:
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 4
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hydride(s): PbH4
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oxide(s): PbO Pb3O4 Pb2O3 PbO2
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chloride(s): PbCl2 PbCl4
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 146 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): 133 pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 35.3 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 48.431 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 6.8 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Galena (sulfide)
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rel. abund. solar system: 0.498 log
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abundance earth's crust: 1.1 log
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cost, pure: 1.5 $/100g
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cost, bulk: 0.077 $/100g
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