General: |
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Name: Gallium
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Symbol: Ga
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Group: Metal
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Atomic weight: 69.723
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Density @ 293 K: 5.907 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 11.8 cm3/mol
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Group: Metal
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discovered: 1875
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 302.98 K
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boiling point: 2676 K
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Heat of fusion: 5.590 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 258.70 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 578.8 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 1.81
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2nd ionization energy: 1978.9 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 30 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 2963 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.37 J/gK
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heat atomization: 286 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,18,3
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electron configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
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minimum oxidation number: 0
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maximum oxidation number: 3
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 3
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: special: complex
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color: silvery-blue
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uses: photocells, transistors
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toxicity:
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hardness: 1.5 mohs
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characteristics: melts near r.t.wets glass
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: mild, =>Ga2O3
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reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>GaCl3, H2
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reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>GaCl3, H2
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reaction with 15M HNO3:
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reaction with 6M NaOH: mild, =>[Ga(OH)4]2-, H2
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 2
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hydride(s): GaH3
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oxide(s): Ga2O3
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chloride(s): GaCl Ga2Cl6
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 135 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): 76 pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 48.3 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 57.471 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 8.1 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Bauxite (oxide)
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rel. abund. solar system: 1.577 log
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abundance earth's crust: 1.2 log
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cost, pure: 220 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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