General: |
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Name: Europium
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Symbol: Eu
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Group: Rare Earth
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Atomic weight: 151.96
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Density @ 293 K: 5.259 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 28.9 cm3/mol
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Group: Rare Earth
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discovered: 1901
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 1095.2 K
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boiling point: 1712 K
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Heat of fusion: 9.210 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 143.50 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 546.7 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 1.12
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2nd ionization energy: 1085 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 50 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 2405 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.18 J/gK
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heat atomization: 178 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,18,25,8,2
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electron configuration: [Xe] 4f7 6s2
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minimum oxidation number: 0
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maximum oxidation number: 3
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 3
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: bcc: body-centered cubic
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color: silvery-white
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uses: alloys, color TV phosphor
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toxicity:
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hardness: mohs
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characteristics: hard
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: vigorous, =>Eu2O3
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reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, EuCl3
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reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, EuCl3
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reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>Eu(NO3)3
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reaction with 6M NaOH:
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 2
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hydride(s): EuH2
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oxide(s): Eu2O3
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chloride(s): EuCl2 EuCl3
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 208 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): 131 pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): 108.7 pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 13.9 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 11 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 27.7 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite
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rel. abund. solar system: -1.012 log
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abundance earth's crust: 0.1 log
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cost, pure: 3600 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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