General: |
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Name: Copper
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Symbol: Cu
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Group: Trans. Met.
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Atomic weight: 63.546
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Density @ 293 K: 8.96 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 7.1 cm3/mol
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Group: Trans. Met.
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discovered: 0
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 1356.6 K
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boiling point: 2843 K
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Heat of fusion: 13.050 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 300.30 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 745.4 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 1.95
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2nd ionization energy: 1957.9 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 118.5 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 3553.5 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.38 J/gK
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heat atomization: 338 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,18,1
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electron configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s1
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minimum oxidation number: 0
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maximum oxidation number: 4
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 2
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: fcc: face-centered cubic
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color: orange-red
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uses: wire, bronze, coins
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toxicity:
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hardness: 2.75 mohs
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characteristics: soft, ductile
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: mild, w/ht =>CuO, Cu2O
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>Cu(NO3)2, NOx
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reaction with 6M NaOH:
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 2
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hydride(s): CuH
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oxide(s): Cu2O CuO
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chloride(s): CuCl CuCl2
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 128 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): 91 pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): 87 pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): 68 pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 401 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 595.8 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 6.7 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Cu pyrite,chalcocite(sulfide)
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rel. abund. solar system: 2.718 log
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abundance earth's crust: 1.7 log
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cost, pure: 2.7 $/100g
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cost, bulk: 0.24 $/100g
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