General: |
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Name: Boron
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Symbol: B
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Group: Non-Metal
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Atomic weight: 10.81
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Density @ 293 K: 2.34 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 4.6 cm3/mol
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Group: Non-Metal
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discovered: 1808
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 2352.2 K
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boiling point: 3923.2 K
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Heat of fusion: 50.20 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 489.70 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 800.6 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 2.04
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2nd ionization energy: 2427 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 26.7 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 3659.7 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 1.02 J/gK
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heat atomization: 573 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,3
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electron configuration: [He] 2s2 2p1
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minimum oxidation number: 0
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maximum oxidation number: 3
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 3
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: special: B12 icosahedra
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color: black
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uses: borax, glass making(B2O3)
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toxicity:
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hardness: 9.5 mohs
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characteristics: B12 icosahedra; 3 forms
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: mild, w/ht =>B2O3
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 15M HNO3: none
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reaction with 6M NaOH: none
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 2
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hydride(s): B2H6 and many BxHy
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oxide(s): B2O3
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chloride(s): BCl3 and many BxCly
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 85 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): 41 pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 27.4 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 0 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 3 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Na and Ca borates (misc)
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rel. abund. solar system: 1.326 log
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abundance earth's crust: 1 log
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cost, pure: 250 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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