General: |
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Name: Thallium
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Symbol: Tl
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Group: Metal
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Atomic weight: 204.37
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Density @ 293 K: 11.85 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 17.2 cm3/mol
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Group: Metal
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discovered: 1861
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 576.7 K
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boiling point: 1730 K
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Heat of fusion: 4.142 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 164.10 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 589.4 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 1.83
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2nd ionization energy: 1971 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 20 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 2878 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.13 J/gK
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heat atomization: 182 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,3
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electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
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minimum oxidation number: 0
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maximum oxidation number: 3
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 3
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd
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color: bluish-gray
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uses: IR detectors, photomult.
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toxicity:
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hardness: 1.2 mohs
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characteristics: soft
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: mild, =>Tl2O
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reaction with 6M HCl:
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reaction with 6M HCl:
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reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>TlNO3
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reaction with 6M NaOH:
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 2
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hydride(s):
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oxide(s): Tl2O Tl2O3
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chloride(s): TlCl TlCl3
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 170 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): 164 pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): 102.5 pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 46.1 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 55.556 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 7.6 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Zn/Pb smelting by-product
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rel. abund. solar system: -0.735 log
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abundance earth's crust: -0.3 log
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cost, pure: 48 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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