General: |
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Name: Silicon
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Symbol: Si
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Group: Non-Metal, Carbon group
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Atomic weight: 28.0855
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Density @ 293 K: 2.33 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 12.1 cm3/mol
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Group: Non-Metal, Carbon group
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discovered: 1824
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 1683.2 K
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boiling point: 3553 K
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Heat of fusion: 50.550 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 384.220 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 786.4 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 1.9
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2nd ionization energy: 1577 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 133.6 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 3231.5 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.71 J/gK
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heat atomization: 452 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,4
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electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p2
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minimum oxidation number: -4
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maximum oxidation number: 4
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min. common oxidation no.: -4
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max. common oxidation no.: 4
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: diamond
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color: gray-black
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uses: comp chip,lubricant,glass
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toxicity:
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hardness: 7 mohs
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characteristics: semimetal
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: mild, =>SiO2
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 15M HNO3: none
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reaction with 6M NaOH: mild, =>silicates
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 3
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hydride(s): SiH4 Si2H6 + more
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oxide(s): SiO2
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chloride(s): SiCl4 Si2Cl6 + more
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 117.6 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 149 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 0.012 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 5.4 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Quartz (oxide)
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rel. abund. solar system: 6.000 log
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abundance earth's crust: 5.5 log
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cost, pure: 5.4 $/100g
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cost, bulk: 0.14 $/100g
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