General: |
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Name: Rubidium
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Symbol: Rb
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Group: Alkali Met.
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Atomic weight: 85.467
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Density @ 293 K: 1.53 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 55.9 cm3/mol
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Group: Alkali Met.
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discovered: 1861
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 312.09 K
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boiling point: 961 K
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Heat of fusion: 2.192 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 72.216 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 403 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 0.82
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2nd ionization energy: 2632.1 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 46.885 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 3859.4 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.363 J/gK
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heat atomization: 86 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,18,8,1
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electron configuration: [Kr] 5s1
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minimum oxidation number: 0
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maximum oxidation number: 1
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 1
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: bcc: body-centered cubic
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color: silvery-white
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uses: photocells
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toxicity:
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hardness: 0.3 mohs
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characteristics: soft
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: vigorous, =>RbO2
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reaction with 6M HCl: vigorous, =>H2, RbCl
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reaction with 6M HCl: vigorous, =>H2, RbCl
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reaction with 15M HNO3: vigorous,=>RbNO3, H2, NOx
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reaction with 6M NaOH: vigorous, =>H2, RbOH
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 2
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hydride(s): RbH
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oxide(s): Rb2O
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chloride(s): RbCl
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 248 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): 166 pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 58.2 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 77.9 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 47.3 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Li extractn by-product
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rel. abund. solar system: 0.851 log
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abundance earth's crust: 2 log
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cost, pure: 1200 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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