General: |
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Name: Phosphorus
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Symbol: P
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Group: Non-Metal, Nitrogen group
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Atomic weight: 30.97376
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Density @ 293 K: 1.82 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 17.0 cm3/mol
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Group: Non-Metal, Nitrogen group
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discovered: 1669
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 317.3 K
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boiling point: 553.7 K
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Heat of fusion: 0.657 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 12.129 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 1011.7 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 2.19
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2nd ionization energy: 1903.2 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 72.07 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 2911.9 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.77 J/gK
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heat atomization: 315 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,5
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electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p3
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minimum oxidation number: -3
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maximum oxidation number: 5
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min. common oxidation no.: -3
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max. common oxidation no.: 5
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: special: P4 tetrahedra
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color: white-yellow
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uses: fertilizer, detergents
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toxicity: yes
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hardness: 0.5 mohs
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characteristics: (P4) pyrophoric, 15 forms
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: vigorous,=>P4O10, ignites
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>NOx
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reaction with 6M NaOH: mild, =>PH3, may ignite
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 1
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hydride(s): PH3 P2H4 + more
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oxide(s): P4O10 P4O6
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chloride(s): PCl3 PCl5 P2Cl4
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 110 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): 58 pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 0.24 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 0 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 3.6 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Apatite (phosphate)
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rel. abund. solar system: 4.017 log
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abundance earth's crust: 3 log
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cost, pure: 4 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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