General: |
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Name: Palladium
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Symbol: Pd
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Group: Trans. Met.
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Atomic weight: 106.4
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Density @ 293 K: 12.02 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 8.9 cm3/mol
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Group: Trans. Met.
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discovered: 1803
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 1827.2 K
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boiling point: 3213 K
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Heat of fusion: 17.60 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 357.0 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 804.7 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 2.2
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2nd ionization energy: 1894 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 53.7 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 3177.2 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.24 J/gK
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heat atomization: 378 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,18,18
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electron configuration: [Kr] 4d10
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minimum oxidation number: 0
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maximum oxidation number: 4
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 4
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: fcc: face-centered cubic
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color: silvery-white
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uses: catalysts, dental crowns
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toxicity:
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hardness: 4.8 mohs
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characteristics: absorbs H2
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: mild, w/ht, =>PdO
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>Pd(NO3)2
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reaction with 6M NaOH: none
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 6
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hydride(s): PdHx x<1 non-stoich
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oxide(s): PdO
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chloride(s): PdCl2
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 137 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): 100 pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): 90 pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 71.8 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 94.8 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 4.8 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: nickel ores (sulfides)
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rel. abund. solar system: 0.143 log
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abundance earth's crust: -2 log
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cost, pure: 15 $/100g
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cost, bulk: 290 $/100g
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