General: |
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Name: Molybdenum
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Symbol: Mo
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Group: Trans. Met.
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Atomic weight: 95.94
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Density @ 293 K: 10.2 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 9.4 cm3/mol
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Group: Trans. Met.
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discovered: 1781
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 2890.2 K
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boiling point: 4923 K
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Heat of fusion: 32.0 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 598.0 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 684.9 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 2.24
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2nd ionization energy: 1588.2 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 72 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 2620.5 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.25 J/gK
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heat atomization: 658 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,18,13,1
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electron configuration: [Kr] 4d5 5s1
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minimum oxidation number: -2
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maximum oxidation number: 6
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 6
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: bcc: body-centered cubic
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color: silvery-white
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uses: catalysts, tool steel
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toxicity:
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hardness: mohs
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characteristics: very hard
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: none, w/ht =>MoO3
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 15M HNO3:
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reaction with 6M NaOH:
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 7
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hydride(s): none
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oxide(s): MoO2 MoO3
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chloride(s): MoClx [x=2-6]
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 139 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): 83 pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 138 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 192.308 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 12.8 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Molybdenite (sulfide)
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rel. abund. solar system: 0.407 log
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abundance earth's crust: 0.2 log
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cost, pure: 11 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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