General: |
|
Name: Gold
|
Symbol: Au
|
|
Group: Trans. Met.
|
Atomic weight: 196.9665
|
|
Density @ 293 K: 19.32 g/cm3
|
Atomic volume: 10.2 cm3/mol
|
|
Group: Trans. Met.
|
discovered: 0
|
|
States: |
|
state (s, l, g): s
|
|
melting point: 1337.63 K
|
boiling point: 3081 K
|
|
Heat of fusion: 12.550 kJ/mol
|
Heat of vaporization: 334.40 kJ/mol
|
|
Energies: |
|
1st ionization energy: 890.1 kJ/mole
|
|
electronegativity: 2.54
|
2nd ionization energy: 1980 kJ/mole
|
|
electron affinity: 222.752 kJ/mole
|
3rd ionization energy: kJ/mole
|
|
Specific heat: 0.128 J/gK
|
heat atomization: 366 kJ/mole atoms
|
|
Oxidation & Electrons: |
|
Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,1
|
electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
|
|
minimum oxidation number: -1
|
maximum oxidation number: 5
|
|
min. common oxidation no.: 0
|
max. common oxidation no.: 3
|
|
Appearance & Characteristics: |
|
structure: fcc: face-centered cubic
|
color: golden yellow
|
|
uses: jewelry, electronics
|
toxicity:
|
|
hardness: 2.75 mohs
|
characteristics: Inert, ductile malleable
|
|
Reactions: |
|
reaction with air: none
|
|
reaction with 6M HCl: none
|
reaction with 6M HCl: none
|
|
reaction with 15M HNO3: none
|
reaction with 6M NaOH: none
|
|
Other Forms: |
|
number of isotopes: 1
|
hydride(s): none
|
|
oxide(s): Au2O3
|
chloride(s): AuCl AuCl3
|
|
Radius: |
|
ionic radius (2- ion): pm
|
ionic radius (1- ion): pm
|
|
atomic radius: 144 pm
|
ionic radius (1+ ion): 151 pm
|
|
ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
|
ionic radius (3+ ion): 99 pm
|
|
Conductivity: |
|
thermal conductivity: 318 J/m-sec-deg
|
|
electrical conductivity: 446.4 1/mohm-cm
|
polarizability: 6.1 A^3
|
|
Abundance: |
|
source: Gold, gold bearing rock (misc)
|
|
rel. abund. solar system: -0.728 log
|
abundance earth's crust: -2.4 log
|
|
cost, pure: 4400 $/100g
|
cost, bulk: 1200 $/100g
|
|
