General: |
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Name: Chlorine
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Symbol: Cl
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Group: Halogen
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Atomic weight: 35.453
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Density @ 293 K: 0.003214 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 22.7 cm3/mol
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Group: Halogen
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discovered: 1774
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): g
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melting point: 172.22 K
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boiling point: 239.2 K
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Heat of fusion: 3.203 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 10.20 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 1251.1 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 3.16
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2nd ionization energy: 2297.3 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 349 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 3821.8 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.48 J/gK
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heat atomization: 121 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,7
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electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p5
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minimum oxidation number: -1
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maximum oxidation number: 7
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min. common oxidation no.: -1
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max. common oxidation no.: 7
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: layers of Cl2
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color: greenish-yellow
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uses: bleach (NaOCl), PVC pipe
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toxicity: yes
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hardness: mohs
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characteristics: diatomic(Cl2), corrosive
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: none
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reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>HOCl, Cl-
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reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>HOCl, Cl-
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reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>HClOx, NOxCl, NOx
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reaction with 6M NaOH: mild, =>OCl-, Cl-
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 2
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hydride(s): HCl
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oxide(s): Cl2O ClO2 Cl2O7
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chloride(s): Cl2
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): 167 pm
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atomic radius: 100 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 0.01 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 0 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 2.2 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Halite, brine (misc)
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rel. abund. solar system: 3.719 log
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abundance earth's crust: 2.1 log
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cost, pure: 0.15 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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