General: |
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Name: Carbon
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Symbol: C
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Group: Non-Metal, Carbon group
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Atomic weight: 12.011
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Density @ 293 K: 2.62 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 4.58 cm3/mol
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Group: Non-Metal, Carbon group
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discovered: 0
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 3823.2 K
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boiling point: K
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Heat of fusion: ?
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Heat of vaporization: 355.80 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 1086.4 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 2.55
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2nd ionization energy: 2352.6 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 121.85 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 4620.4 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.71 J/gK
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heat atomization: 717 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,4
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electron configuration: [He] 2s2 2p2
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minimum oxidation number: -4
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maximum oxidation number: 4
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min. common oxidation no.: -4
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max. common oxidation no.: 4
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: hexagonal layers
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color: black
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uses: fuel(coal), lubricant
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toxicity:
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hardness: 0.8 mohs
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characteristics: 6 forms: graphite,diamond,buckminsterfullerene
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: vigorous, =>CO2
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 15M HNO3: mild,w/ht=>C6(COOH)6
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reaction with 6M NaOH: none
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 3
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hydride(s): CH4 and many CxHy
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oxide(s): CO CO2
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chloride(s): CCl4
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 77.2 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 1.59 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 0.727 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 1.8 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Coal,Petroleum,Natural gas
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rel. abund. solar system: 7.004 log
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abundance earth's crust: 2.3 log
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cost, pure: 2.4 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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