General: |
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Name: Calcium
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Symbol: Ca
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Group: Alkali Earth
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Atomic weight: 40.08
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Density @ 293 K: 1.55 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 29.9 cm3/mol
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Group: Alkali Earth
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discovered: 1808
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 1112.2 K
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boiling point: 1767 K
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Heat of fusion: 8.540 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 153.60 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 589.8 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 1
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2nd ionization energy: 1145.4 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 4911.8 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.63 J/gK
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heat atomization: 178 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,8,2
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electron configuration: [Ar] 4s2
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minimum oxidation number: 0
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maximum oxidation number: 2
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 2
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd
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color: silvery-white
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uses: lime, cement
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toxicity:
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hardness: 1.5 mohs
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characteristics: burns brightly
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: vigorous, =>CaO, Ca3N2
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reaction with 6M HCl: vigorous, =>H2, CaCl2
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reaction with 6M HCl: vigorous, =>H2, CaCl2
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reaction with 15M HNO3: vigorous, =>H2, Ca(NO3)2
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reaction with 6M NaOH: none
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 6
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hydride(s): CaH2
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oxide(s): CaO
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chloride(s): CaCl2
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 197 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): 114 pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 201 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 255.754 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 22.8 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Calcite (oxide)
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rel. abund. solar system: 4.786 log
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abundance earth's crust: 4.65 log
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cost, pure: 11 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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