General: |
|
Name: Bromine
|
Symbol: Br
|
|
Group: Halogen
|
Atomic weight: 79.904
|
|
Density @ 293 K: 3.119 g/cm3
|
Atomic volume: 23.5 cm3/mol
|
|
Group: Halogen
|
discovered: 1826
|
|
States: |
|
state (s, l, g): l
|
|
melting point: 266 K
|
boiling point: 332.7 K
|
|
Heat of fusion: 5.286 kJ/mol
|
Heat of vaporization: 15.438 kJ/mol
|
|
Energies: |
|
1st ionization energy: 1139.9 kJ/mole
|
|
electronegativity: 2.96
|
2nd ionization energy: 2103.4 kJ/mole
|
|
electron affinity: 324.7 kJ/mole
|
3rd ionization energy: 3473.4 kJ/mole
|
|
Specific heat: 0.473 J/gK
|
heat atomization: 112 kJ/mole atoms
|
|
Oxidation & Electrons: |
|
Shells: 2,8,18,7
|
electron configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
|
|
minimum oxidation number: -1
|
maximum oxidation number: 7
|
|
min. common oxidation no.: -1
|
max. common oxidation no.: 5
|
|
Appearance & Characteristics: |
|
structure: layers of Br2
|
color: red-brown
|
|
uses: pesticides,photography
|
toxicity: yes
|
|
hardness: mohs
|
characteristics: diatomic,corrosive,liquid
|
|
Reactions: |
|
reaction with air: none
|
|
reaction with 6M HCl: none, dissolves Br2(aq)
|
reaction with 6M HCl: none, dissolves Br2(aq)
|
|
reaction with 15M HNO3:
|
reaction with 6M NaOH: mild, =>OBr-, Br-
|
|
Other Forms: |
|
number of isotopes: 2
|
hydride(s): HBr
|
|
oxide(s): Br2O BrO2
|
chloride(s): BrCl
|
|
Radius: |
|
ionic radius (2- ion): pm
|
ionic radius (1- ion): 182 pm
|
|
atomic radius: 114 pm
|
ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
|
|
ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
|
ionic radius (3+ ion): pm
|
|
Conductivity: |
|
thermal conductivity: 0.12 J/m-sec-deg
|
|
electrical conductivity: 0 1/mohm-cm
|
polarizability: 3.1 A^3
|
|
Abundance: |
|
source: Seawater, brines
|
|
rel. abund. solar system: 1.072 log
|
abundance earth's crust: 0.4 log
|
|
cost, pure: 4.9 $/100g
|
cost, bulk: $/100g
|
|
