General: |
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Name: Aluminum
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Symbol: Al
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Group: Metal
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Atomic weight: 26.98154
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Density @ 293 K: 2.702 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 10.0 cm3/mol
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Group: Metal
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discovered: 1825
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 933.57 K
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boiling point: 2740 K
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Heat of fusion: 10.790 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 293.40 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 577.6 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 1.61
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2nd ionization energy: 1816.6 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 42.6 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 2744.7 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.90 J/gK
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heat atomization: 326 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,3
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electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p1
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minimum oxidation number: 0
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maximum oxidation number: 3
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 3
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: fcc: face-centered cubic
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color: silvery
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uses: Al cans & foil,reflectors
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toxicity:
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hardness: 2.8 mohs
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characteristics: passivated: surface oxide
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: mild, w/ht =>Al2O3
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reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, AlCl3
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reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, AlCl3
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reaction with 15M HNO3: passivated
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reaction with 6M NaOH: mild, =>H2, [Al(OH)4]-
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 1
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hydride(s): AlH3
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oxide(s): Al2O3
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chloride(s): AlCl3Al2Cl6
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 143 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): 67.5 pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 237 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 376.676 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 8.3 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Bauxite (oxide)
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rel. abund. solar system: 4.929 log
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abundance earth's crust: 4.9 log
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cost, pure: 1.8 $/100g
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cost, bulk: 0.12 $/100g
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