General: |
|
Name: Sulfur
|
Symbol: S
|
|
Group: Non-Metal, Chalcogen
|
Atomic weight: 32.06
|
|
Density @ 293 K: 2.07 g/cm3
|
Atomic volume: 15.5 cm3/mol
|
|
Group: Non-Metal, Chalcogen
|
discovered: 0
|
|
States: |
|
state (s, l, g): s
|
|
melting point: 386 K
|
boiling point: 717.9 K
|
|
Heat of fusion: 1.7175 kJ/mol
|
Heat of vaporization: ?
|
|
Energies: |
|
1st ionization energy: 999.6 kJ/mole
|
|
electronegativity: 2.58
|
2nd ionization energy: 2251 kJ/mole
|
|
electron affinity: 200.4144 kJ/mole
|
3rd ionization energy: 3360.6 kJ/mole
|
|
Specific heat: 0.71 J/gK
|
heat atomization: 279 kJ/mole atoms
|
|
Oxidation & Electrons: |
|
Shells: 2,8,6
|
electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p4
|
|
minimum oxidation number: -2
|
maximum oxidation number: 6
|
|
min. common oxidation no.: -2
|
max. common oxidation no.: 6
|
|
Appearance & Characteristics: |
|
structure: S8 rings
|
color: yellow(pale)
|
|
uses: rubber, batteries (H2SO4)
|
toxicity:
|
|
hardness: 2 mohs
|
characteristics: (S8)brittle, 19 forms
|
|
Reactions: |
|
reaction with air: vigorous, w/ht =>SO2
|
|
reaction with 6M HCl: none
|
reaction with 6M HCl: none
|
|
reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>H2SO4, NOx
|
reaction with 6M NaOH: none
|
|
Other Forms: |
|
number of isotopes: 4
|
hydride(s): H2S
|
|
oxide(s): SO2 SO3
|
chloride(s): S2Cl2 SCl2
|
|
Radius: |
|
ionic radius (2- ion): 170 pm
|
ionic radius (1- ion): pm
|
|
atomic radius: 103 pm
|
ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
|
|
ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
|
ionic radius (3+ ion): pm
|
|
Conductivity: |
|
thermal conductivity: 0.27 J/m-sec-deg
|
|
electrical conductivity: 0 1/mohm-cm
|
polarizability: 2.9 A^3
|
|
Abundance: |
|
source: Sulfur,pyrite,natural gas
|
|
rel. abund. solar system: 5.712 log
|
abundance earth's crust: 2.4 log
|
|
cost, pure: 24 $/100g
|
cost, bulk: $/100g
|
|
